In the next century France produced, among others, Paul Scarron’s Roman comique 1651–57, and Furétičre’s Roman bourgeois 1666. The Vita di Bertoldo 1618, by the Italian Giulio Cesare Croce was, for 200 years, as popular in Italy as Robinson Crusoe or the Pilgrim’s Progress in England. With the growth of literacy, the novel rapidly developed from the 18th century to become, in the 20th century, the major literary form.ĭuring the 16th and 17th centuries four kinds of prose fiction became popular: comic romance, political romance, pastoral romance, and heroic romance.Ĭomic romance substantially began with François Rabelais’s burlesque romances in the 1530s. In Spain, Cervantes’ Don Quixote 1604 contributed to the development of the novel through its translation into other European languages, but the 17th century was dominated by the French romances of Gauthier de Costes de la Calprenčde (1614–1663) and Madelaine de Scudéry (1607–1691), although William Congreve and Aphra Behn continued the English tradition. The works of the Italian writers Boccaccio and Matteo Bandello (1485–1561) were translated into English in such collections as William Painter’s Palace of Pleasure 1566–67, and inspired the Elizabethan novelists, including John Lyly, Philip Sidney, Thomas Nash, and Thomas Lodge. There is a similar, but until the 19th century independent, tradition of prose narrative including psychological development in the Far East, notably in Japan, with, for example, the 11th-century Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu.Ī major period of the novel’s development came during the late Italian Renaissance, when the stimulus of foreign travel, increased wealth, and changing social patterns produced a greater interest in the events of everyday life, as opposed to religious teaching, legends of the past, or fictional fantasy. Ancient Greek examples include the Daphnis and Chloë of Longus almost the only surviving Latin work that could be called a novel is the Golden Ass of Apuleius (late 2nd century), based on a Greek model. The European novel is said to have originated in Greece in the 2nd century bc. As the main form of narrative fiction in the 20th century, the novel is frequently classified according to genres and subgenres such as the historical novel, detective fiction, fantasy, and science fiction. The modern novel took its name and inspiration from the Italian novella, the short tale of varied character which became popular in the late 13th century. A extended fictional work in prose usually in the form of a story.Įxtended fictional prose narrative, often including the psychological development of the central characters and of their relationship with a broader world.

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